Here are some tips from the experts on how to avoid being attacked by a dog:

* Don’t look a dog straight in the eye. This is provocative.

* Do not run away from or past a dog. This can make them aggressive and want to chase you.

* Never go up to a dog you don’t know and try to get friendly, especially if the dog is behind a fence, tethered or in a parked car.

* If an unfamiliar dog comes up to you, stand still. Most of the time, the dog will sniff you and then walk away.

* Never bother a dog that is eating or sleeping. And stay away from a mother tending to her litter.

*If you're threatened by a dog, don’t yell. Respond calmly. In a commanding voice, tell the dog to go away. Try to stay still until the dog leaves, or back away slowly.

* If you are attacked, give the dog an object, such as a jacket or tote to bite. If you are knocked down, roll yourself into a ball and lie still. Cover your head and face with your hands.

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Control the situation. A commanding "Down!" or "Go Home!" may stop an attack momentarily, giving you time to back away.

Never run. Running away can awaken the dog's prey instinct to chase and catch animals, and he may pursue you vigorously even if its initial intent was just playful. In addition, you won't be able to outrun a dog if you're on foot. Even if you are on a bicycle you usually will not be able to outrun a dog.

Assume a non-threatening position. Dogs will assume that you are poised to attack them if you face them head on and make eye contact. Standing sideways to the dog and keeping the dog in your peripheral vision instead of facing them and making eye contact, will signal to the dog that you are not a threat. If you can, fold your arms tightly to protect hands. If this cannot be effected without making sudden movements, keep your arms flat and still by your sides with clenched fists to protect fingers. In dog pack behavior, turning away does not indicate that you are submissive, but rather not positioned to attack the dog.

Hold your position. Dogs have short attention spans. Often after some barking, the dog will lose interest and go away. Do not appear threatening to the dog, and don't open your hands and arms up to a bite by extending them. Keep your fingers curled into fists to avoid getting them bitten. The dog may come quite close, even sniffing you, without actually biting.

If you stay still and protect your face, chest, and throat, the dog will only be able to inflict puncture wounds on areas of your body that have thicker skin^[3]. If the dog is biting, the last thing you want to do is struggle or pull away, as this can cause open, torn wounds.

Unless trained to attack specific points, dogs will often consider objects attached to a human to be part of the human (considering it to be flesh being torn) as long as it is still moving/applying force. Removing a shirt or jacket allowing the dog to get hold of one sleeve while tugging on the other can buy you time and allow you to reorient yourself for escape. Opening an umbrella between you and an attacking dog will also confuse it and it will go for the item before you considering it to be an appendage. Umbrellas are also great because the dog will go directly for the middle instead of the edges, causing it to have difficulty getting a hold.

If the dog gets a hold of you it might tug and shake the wound inflicting more damage anyway making fighting back your best bet. If you cannot easily escape from its grasp, use your entire body weight on the animal specifically with your knees or elbows. Dogs cannot wrestle and you will break their bones fairly quickly. Get on the animal and concentrate force on areas such as the throat or ribs while minding to keep your face out of clawing/biting range.

If you are looking for a more humane solution and can manage it, straddling the back of the dog with your partial body weight and applying forward pressure to the back of the neck will immobilize it until help comes and it will be unable to reach around to bite you.

If facing multiple dogs, going for eyes, nose and limbs will prove most effective versus tackling/crushing one dog at a time. In a pack, they will attack as a group and if they feel they are unable to pull it off, will quit as a group. HOWEVER, if the dogs are not actively lunging for you, DO NOT kick or strike at a dog with your hands or legs unless you have had training in how to do so quickly. The animal will more than likely catch on to your limbs. Throwing rocks and other debris can discourage a pack of dogs before an attack begins.

If a dog has locked onto another animals' neck, or human limb, pick its back legs up and hold it in the air. This prevents it from pulling, ripping and causing any more damage.

Put a cloth over the dogs head. This can make them let go.

Spray the dog with a strong jet of water or air spray.

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If you are scared of dogs, wait until the dog is about 3 feet away and sternly say 'No' in a deep and low tone.

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